Top 15 Microsoft Fabric Interview Questions and Answers[2025]

1. What is Microsoft Fabric?

✅ Answer:

Microsoft Fabric is an end-to-end, unified analytics platform that integrates data engineering, data science, real-time analytics, and business intelligence. It is built on OneLake, a unified data storage system, and supports Power BI, Synapse, and Data Factory for seamless data management.

2. What are the key components of Microsoft Fabric?

✅ Answer:

Microsoft Fabric consists of the following components:

Data Factory – For data integration and ETL.
Synapse Data Engineering – Supports Spark-based big data processing.
Synapse Data Science – For AI/ML model development.
Synapse Data Warehouse – Serverless and dedicated SQL-based data storage.
Synapse Real-Time Analytics – Handles streaming and IoT data.
Power BI – For business intelligence and visualization.
OneLake – A single storage layer across all workloads.

3. How does Microsoft Fabric differ from Azure Synapse Analytics?

✅ Answer:

Microsoft Fabric is a more integrated and unified platform, whereas Azure Synapse Analytics is primarily focused on big data processing and analytics. Fabric includes OneLake as a centralized data storage, providing better collaboration and governance across data services.

4. What is OneLake in Microsoft Fabric?

✅ Answer:

OneLake is the unified storage layer in Microsoft Fabric, similar to a Data Lakehouse. It enables seamless data access across different workloads without needing multiple copies of data. It supports Direct Lake Mode in Power BI for real-time reporting.

5. How does Direct Lake Mode in Power BI improve performance?

✅ Answer:

Direct Lake Mode allows Power BI to query data directly from OneLake without importing it into memory, unlike Direct Query or Import Mode. This leads to faster performance while maintaining live data connectivity.

6. What is the difference between a Data Warehouse and a Lakehouse in Fabric?

✅ Answer:

Data Warehouse: Uses structured, relational data optimized for SQL queries.
Lakehouse: Supports both structured and unstructured data in an open data format, offering flexibility for AI/ML.
Fabric enables both models to work seamlessly with OneLake.

7. How does Fabric handle security and data governance?

✅ Answer:

Fabric provides role-based access control (RBAC), Microsoft Purview integration, and sensitive data classification to ensure governance, compliance, and security across different workloads.

8. What are Notebooks in Microsoft Fabric?

✅ Answer:

Notebooks in Fabric are Jupyter-style notebooks that support Python, Spark, and SQL for data exploration, transformation, and machine learning tasks.

9. How does Fabric support real-time data analytics?

✅ Answer:

Fabric includes Synapse Real-Time Analytics, which processes event-driven data from IoT devices, logs, and streaming data sources like Azure Event Hubs, Kafka, and Kusto.

10. What is the role of Data Factory in Microsoft Fabric?

✅ Answer:

Data Factory in Fabric provides low-code/no-code data integration, pipeline orchestration, and ETL/ELT capabilities to move data between different sources.

11. How does Fabric integrate with Power BI?

✅ Answer:

Fabric seamlessly integrates with Power BI using Direct Lake Mode, TDS endpoint for SQL queries, and shared datasets in OneLake, enabling real-time business intelligence.

12. What are the benefits of using Microsoft Fabric for AI and Machine Learning?

✅ Answer:

Fabric provides:

Synapse Data Science for model training and deployment.
AutoML capabilities for quick model development.
Seamless integration with Azure Machine Learning.

13. Can Microsoft Fabric be used for multi-cloud and hybrid deployments?

✅ Answer:

Fabric is primarily built on Azure, but it can integrate with on-premise databases and multi-cloud storage solutions through Data Factory connectors.

14. What are KQL queries, and how are they used in Fabric?

✅ Answer:

KQL (Kusto Query Language) is used in Synapse Real-Time Analytics for querying streaming and log data efficiently.

15. How does Fabric ensure cost optimization?

✅ Answer:

Unified storage (OneLake) eliminates data duplication.
Serverless computing options reduce infrastructure costs.
Pay-as-you-go pricing model for different workloads.

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