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10 SQL Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)  1. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database? A. GET B. SELECT C. FETCH D. READ ✅ Answer: B. SELECT 2. What does the WHERE clause do in SQL? A. Groups records B. Filters records C. Sorts records D. Deletes records ✅ Answer: B. Filters records 3. Which SQL function is used to count the number of rows? A. COUNT() B. SUM() C. TOTAL() D. LENGTH() ✅ Answer: A. COUNT() 4. Which keyword is used to sort the result-set in SQL? A. ORDER B. GROUP C. SORT D. ORDER BY ✅ Answer: D. ORDER BY 5. What is the default sorting order of ORDER BY clause? A. Random B. Descending C. Ascending D. Alphabetical ✅ Answer: C. Ascending 6. What does the SQL JOIN clause do? A. Combines rows from multiple tables B. Deletes rows from a table C. Finds duplicates D. Creates new tables ✅ Answer: A. Combines rows from multiple tables 7. Which JOIN returns only the matching rows from both tables? A. LEFT JOIN B...

 20 ChatGPT-related MCQs 1. ChatGPT is primarily trained on data available until: A. Real-time data B. December 2023 C. April 2022 D. Depends on version 👉 Answer: D (Each model has a different cutoff) 2. Which model is used in ChatGPT-4? A. GPT-2 B. GPT-3 C. GPT-4 D. GPT-5 👉 Answer: C 3. Which of the following is a major use case of ChatGPT? A. Cooking food B. Editing photos C. Answering questions and drafting text D. Sending emails automatically 👉 Answer: C 4. What is the default interface ChatGPT uses to interact with users? A. Terminal B. Text chat interface C. Graphical dashboard D. Voice control 👉 Answer: B 5. ChatGPT can write code in which of the following languages? A. Python B. JavaScript C. SQL D. All of the above 👉 Answer: D 6. What is the maximum token limit (approx.) for a GPT-4-turbo context window? A. 1,000 B. 4,000 C. 128,000 D. 256,000 👉 Answer: C (As of 2024, GPT-4-turbo supports 128k context) 7. What is a "to...

  💼 Top Jobs in Microsoft Fabric Ecosystem 1. Microsoft Fabric Developer Key Skills: DAX, Power BI, Dataflows, Notebooks, KQL (Kusto Query Language) Responsibilities: Build and maintain Power BI reports and dashboards Work with Fabric Workspaces, Pipelines, and Lakehouses Use Copilot to automate parts of development 2. Data Engineer – Microsoft Fabric Key Skills: Data Pipelines, Lakehouse Architecture, Delta Lake, Spark Notebooks Responsibilities: Build ETL/ELT dataflows in Fabric Integrate various data sources into OneLake Optimize and manage data pipelines using Fabric Data Engineering tools 3. Fabric Solution Architect Key Skills: Azure Synapse, Power BI, Microsoft Fabric, Governance, Security Responsibilities: Design end-to-end data architecture using Fabric components Define data security, data quality, and data governance policies Guide teams on how to use Fabric most effectively 4. Data Scientist – Fabric AI Integration Key Skills: Pytho...

Top 10 Power BI Features That Changed the Game 🚀 If you're a data enthusiast, analyst, or business intelligence developer, you know Power BI has come a long way. With every update, it's not just evolving — it's redefining how we analyze and visualize data. In this post, I’ll walk you through 10 Power BI features that have truly changed the game — making reports smarter, faster, and more intuitive than ever. 1. 💡 DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) Power BI’s DAX language gives you superpowers . From calculating running totals to dynamic year-over-year comparisons — if you can think it, DAX can calculate it. 🔍 Example: CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Amount]), YEAR(Today()) = 2024)   2. 🧹 Power Query Before dashboards, there's dirty data. Power Query lets you clean, transform, and shape your data effortlessly — all with a no-code, user-friendly interface. Think of it as Excel’s Power Editor — on steroids.   3. 🧠 Data Modeling Relationships matter — in life and in Power BI. Da...

  Why SQL Is Still Important in 2025 ✅ 1. Data is Everywhere — and SQL is Its Language SQL (Structured Query Language) is still the standard way to talk to databases . Whether it's MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, or even cloud platforms like Snowflake, BigQuery, or Azure Synapse — they all use SQL. 💼 2. Job Market Still Demands It Data analysts, Power BI developers, data engineers, and even ML engineers are all expected to know SQL. Over 70% of data-related job descriptions in 2025 still list SQL as a required skill . 🧠 3. It’s the Foundation of Business Intelligence Tools Tools like Power BI, Tableau, Looker, and Superset rely on SQL for: Custom queries DirectQuery modes SQL-based data transformations 🌐 4. Cloud & Big Data Tools Are Built on SQL Platforms like Google BigQuery, Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, and Azure Data Explorer all support SQL-first interfaces . Even modern “no-code” platforms generate SQL in the background! 🔧 5. Sti...

Microsoft Fabric Pricing in 2025 — Everything You Need to Know 2️⃣ Storage (OneLake) OneLake — the unified data lake behind Fabric — is priced separately: 💾 $0.023/GB/month ( $23 per TB) Deleted data retained for 7–90 days (still billable) Includes lakehouse and KQL caches 3️⃣ Power BI Licensing Microsoft Fabric is deeply integrated with Power BI. Here’s how licensing works: Power BI Pro: $14/user/month Power BI Premium Per User: $24/user/month With F64+ capacity: Viewers don’t need a Pro license — only creators do 📊 Below F64, every user still requires a Pro license to consume content. 4️⃣ Consumption Flexibility ✅ Pay-as-you-go allows pausing unused capacity during off-hours. 🧠 Reserved plans offer cost predictability for consistent workloads. 🎯 Fabric workloads (Power BI, Synapse, Data Factory) share the same capacity — no double-billing. 🧮 Sample Cost Scenario A medium-sized team using F8 capacity: Compute: ~$1,051/month Storage: ~$50/m...

Understanding Joins in Power BI: A Practical Guide Power BI is a powerful tool for building data models and reports — but to unlock its full potential, you need to understand how joins work behind the scenes. In Power BI, joins aren't defined by SQL syntax — instead, they are created through relationships and controlled by how visuals and DAX interpret those relationships. 🧱 Joins in Power BI ≠ SQL Joins In SQL, joins like INNER JOIN , LEFT JOIN , and OUTER JOIN are written directly in queries. But in Power BI, relationships between tables serve the same purpose. When you create a relationship between two tables, Power BI uses this to filter and relate data when building visuals or evaluating DAX expressions. 🔄 Types of Joins You Can Simulate in Power BI 🔹 1. INNER JOIN (Default Behavior) This happens automatically when you place fields from two related tables in the same visual. ✅ Example: A relationship between Sales[CustomerID] and Customers[CustomerID]. The visual will...

Bookmarks in Power BI – Explained Simply Bookmarks in Power BI are a powerful way to capture and return to specific states of a report page. They help you create interactive reports by saving things like: Filters and slicer states Visible or hidden visuals Current page Drill-through or drill-down levels ✅ What You Can Do with Bookmarks Create custom navigation (like buttons that switch views) Toggle visuals on/off (e.g., show/hide charts or help text) Build story-like reports (step-by-step walkthroughs) Simulate interactions without complex DAX or slicers Highlight scenarios (like “Best Case”, “Worst Case” views) 🛠️ How to Create a Bookmark Set your report page how you want it (filters, visuals, visibility). Go to View > Bookmarks Pane . Click Add to create a bookmark. Rename it (e.g., “Show Chart A”). Optional: Right-click it and uncheck things like "Data" or "Current Page" if needed. 🔘 Use Bookmarks with Buttons Insert a button (Insert > Buttons ...

Conditional Formatting in Power BI Conditional Formatting in Power BI allows you to dynamically change the appearance of visuals (colors, icons, font styles, etc.) based on the data values. It enhances visual storytelling and draws attention to important insights. Where You Can Apply Conditional Formatting You can apply it to: Tables & Matrix visuals Card & KPI visuals Column & bar charts (using data colors) Gauge & multi-row cards (limited options) Slicers and buttons (via Field Value formatting) Types of Conditional Formatting 1. Background Color Apply different cell background colors based on numeric thresholds or field values. 2. Font Color Change text color based on values (e.g., negative numbers in red). 3. Data Bars Shows horizontal bars inside cells to represent relative size of values. 4. Icons Add icons like arrows, checkmarks, or traffic lights based on value rules. 5. Field Value Formatting Dynamically change color, font, or URL based on a column value...

Power BI Report vs Paginated Report: What’s the Difference? 📊 Power BI Report (PBIX) ✅ Best for: Interactive dashboards Data exploration & visual storytelling End-user drill-downs, slicers, and filters Regular business users and analysts 🔹 Key Features: Built in Power BI Desktop (.pbix file) Highly visual: cards, charts, maps, gauges, etc. Supports Import , DirectQuery , and Live Connections Built for web and mobile interactivity Easy to publish to Power BI Service and share Great for self-service BI and performance dashboards 🔴 Limitations: Limited control over print layout/export formatting Can't generate pixel-perfect invoices or multi-page reports easily 🧾 Paginated Report (.RDL) ✅ Best for: Pixel-perfect reporting (like invoices, forms, statements) Printable or export-heavy reports (PDF, Excel, CSV) Operational reports with long tables, repeating rows, headers, footers Scenarios where layout and formatting must be exact 🔹 Key Features: Built using Power BI Report B...

Top Use Cases of Gauge Charts Gauge charts are best used when you want to visualize progress toward a target or show performance within a range . They are intuitive and easy to understand at a glance, making them popular for dashboards and KPIs. 1. KPI Performance Tracking Example: Show actual sales against monthly sales targets. Helps stakeholders quickly see if the team is underperforming, meeting, or exceeding goals. 2. Utilization Monitoring Example: CPU or server utilization, vehicle fleet usage, machine uptime. Great for operational dashboards to alert on overuse or underuse. 3. Budget Tracking Example: Display budget consumption for a department or project. Helps financial teams monitor overspending or underutilization. 4. Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT) Example: Show a CSAT score on a scale of 0–100. The dial visually shows how close the satisfaction level is to the ideal score. 5. Project Completion Status Example: Visualize how much of a project has been completed. U...

Exploded Donut Chart in Power BI Explained An Exploded Donut Chart in Power BI is a variation of a regular donut chart , where the slices (segments) are pulled away or separated from the center to highlight each category more clearly. 🍩 What is a Donut Chart? A donut chart is like a pie chart with a hole in the middle. It's used to: Show part-to-whole relationships Compare percentage share of categories 💥 Exploded Donut Chart – Key Features Visual Emphasis : Each slice is separated slightly from the center. Makes it easier to distinguish individual segments Great for highlighting important categories or differences 🛠️ How to Create an Exploded Donut Chart in Power BI Power BI doesn't offer a built-in exploded donut chart by default, but you can achieve it using custom visuals or workarounds : ✅ Option 1: Use a Custom Visual Go to Visualizations > Get more visuals (AppSource) Search for "Donut" or "Exploded Pie/Donut" Add and use a visual like: ...

Card vs Multi-Row Card vs Card (New) in Power BI — What’s the Difference? When designing Power BI dashboards, selecting the right visual can make or break how your insights are perceived. Among the most common yet misunderstood visuals are the Card , Multi-Row Card , and the recently introduced Card (New) . Let’s break down what they are, when to use them, and why Power BI now offers multiple card options. 🎯 Card Visual: Simplicity at its Best The classic Card visual is perfect when you want to highlight a single metric —big, bold, and to the point. It’s ideal for showing things like: Total Sales Customer Count Net Profit It offers minimal distraction and works well when you want to emphasize just one key number. 📋 Multi-Row Card: Show More, Compactly The Multi-Row Card allows you to display multiple values from different fields —stacked vertically in a compact box. It’s great when you need to present: Several KPIs in one space Data comparisons like Sales, Discount, and Quantity to...

Top 10 Power BI Alternatives (2025) 1. Tableau Best for: Interactive dashboards & enterprise analytics Strength: Intuitive drag-and-drop interface Weakness: Expensive licensing Use Case: Used by Fortune 500 companies for deep visual insights. 2. Looker (Google Cloud) Best for: Data modeling and embedded analytics Strength: Powerful LookML language for semantic modeling Weakness: Steep learning curve Use Case: Best for large-scale organizations using GCP. 3. Qlik Sense Best for: Associative data analysis Strength: In-memory processing for fast queries Weakness: Interface takes time to master Use Case: Great for interactive "what-if" scenarios. 4. Google Data Studio (Looker Studio) Best for: Free, cloud-based dashboarding Strength: Easy integration with Google products Weakness: Limited customization compared to Power BI Use Case: Popular among marketers & small businesses. 5. Reveal BI Best for: Embedded analytics for SaaS platforms and mobile apps Pro...

How Much You Can Earn as a Power BI Developer in 2025 Power BI isn’t just a data tool anymore—it’s a career path . And in 2025, that path is growing faster than ever. As companies across every industry embrace data-driven decisions, the demand for Power BI developers has surged. But the big question is: “How much can you actually earn as a Power BI developer in 2025?” Let’s break it down—based on skill level, job roles, and global trends. 1. 💡 Entry-Level Power BI Developer (0–2 years experience)  If you’ve just started learning Power BI, maybe coming from Excel or business analytics: India : ₹4–6 LPA US/Canada : $60,000–$80,000 UK : £30,000–£40,000 Remote (Freelance) : $15–25/hour You’re expected to know Power BI basics, DAX fundamentals, and how to build clean dashboards. A bit of SQL helps too. 2. 🚀 Mid-Level Developer (2–5 years experience) Once you can build complex data models, optimize DAX, work with large datasets, and integrate with tools like Azure, SQL Server, or Power...

How to Handle Sensitive Data in Fabric Handling sensitive data in Microsoft Fabric involves implementing a combination of security best practices, data governance, and compliance controls. Here's a detailed guide on how to handle sensitive data effectively in Fabric: 🔐 1. Data Classification Tag sensitive data using Microsoft Purview’s sensitivity labels . Use Data Classification to categorize data as Confidential, Restricted, Public, etc. ✅ Why? This helps enforce policies on access, encryption, and monitoring based on the data’s sensitivity level. 🛡️ 2. Access Control Use role- based access control ( RBAC) to grant access only to those who need it . Assign least privilege roles like Viewer, Contributor, etc. Integrate with Microsoft Entra ID ( formerly Azure AD) for authentication and SSO. ✅ Best Practice: Use security groups instead of individual user permissions. 🔍 3. Data Masking and Encryption Use Dynamic Data Masking for databases i...